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Data Encapsulation

Networking Topics > Layer 3 Routing > Data Encapsulation

During data communication between two hosts data is encapsulated with various headers as information is passed through the OSI layers.

The sending host’s data passes from it’s Application Layer down through the OSI layers and on to the receiving host, via networking media; it then passes up through the OSI layers, on the receiving end, to the application layer, where the receiving hosts applications can access the data sent. This form of communication is known as peer-to-peer communication.

During this process the protocol data unit (PDU) of each layer communicate with it’s equivalent peer layer on the receiving host.

Data passing through the OSI model is segmented at the Transport Layer, then network headers are attached at the Network Layer to create packets. The data link layer then encapsulates these packets with frame headers to create frames. The frames are then ready to be physically placed on the network media for transmission by the Physical layer.

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